Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Tree shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Tree offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Tree at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Tree? Wrong! If the Tree is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Tree then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Tree? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Tree and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Tree wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Tree then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Tree site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Tree, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Tree, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
ous
Sequoia, the tallest tree species on earth.
A
tree is a Perennial plant woody
plant. It is sometimes defined as a woody plant that attains diameter of 10 cm (30 cm girth) or more at breast height (130 cm above ground). However, there is no set agreement regarding minimum size, the term generally applies to plants that grow to at least 5-6 meters (15-20 ft) high at maturity and having secondary branches supported on a main stem or stems, called a trunk (botany). Most trees exhibit clear
apical dominance, though this is not always the case. Mitchell, A. (1978).
Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Harper Collins. London. ISBN 0-00-219213-6 Compared with most other plants, trees are long-lived, some of them getting to be several thousand years old and growing to up to 115 meters (375 ft) high.
Trees are an important component of the natural landscape because of their prevention of
erosion and the provision of a specific weather-sheltered
ecosystem in and under their foliage. Trees have also been found to play an important role in producing oxygen and reducing
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as moderating ground temperatures. They are also significant elements in
Landscape architecture and
agriculture, both for their aesthetics appeal and their orchard crops (such as apples).
Wood from trees is a common building material. Trees also play an intimate role in many of the world's mythology (see trees in mythology).
Classification
tree in Denmark tree in
Ticino, SwitzerlandA tree is a plant form that occurs in many different
order (biology) and family (biology) of plants. Trees show a wide variety of growth forms, leaf type and shape, bark characteristics, and reproductive organs.
The earliest trees were
tree ferns and
horsetails, which grew in vast
forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still survive, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form. Later, in the Triassic Period,
Pinophyta, ginkgos,
cycads and other
gymnosperms appeared, and subsequently flowering plants in the
Cretaceous Period. Most species of trees today are flowering plants (Angiosperms) and conifers. The listing below gives examples of many well-known trees and how they are typically classified.
A small group of trees growing together is called a grove (nature) or
copse, and a landscape covered by a dense growth of trees is called a
forest. Several biotopes are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them; examples are rainforest and taiga (see
ecozones). A landscape of trees scattered or spaced across grassland (usually grazed or burned over periodically) is called a
savanna. A forest of great age is called
old growth forest or
ancient woodland (in the UK). A young tree is called a sapling.
Morphology
leaves.s anchor the structure and provide
water and
nutrients. The ground has erosion away around the roots of this young Pine tree.The basic parts of a tree are the
roots, trunk (botany)(s),
branches, twigs and
leaf. Tree stems consist mainly of support and transport tissues (xylem and phloem). Wood consists of
xylem cells, and
bark is made of
phloem and other tissues external to the vascular cambium. Trees may be broadly grouped into
exogenous and
endogenous trees according to the way in which their Plant stem diameter increases. Exogenous trees, which comprise the great majority of modern trees (all
Pinophytas, and all dicotyledon trees), grow by the addition of new wood outwards, immediately under the bark. Endogenous trees, mainly in the monocotyledons (e.g.,
palm tree), grow by addition of new material inwards.
As an exogenous tree grows, it creates growth rings. Also known as annual rings, each set of light/dark rings is equivalent to one year of growth in a small number of mostly temperate species. For the vast majority of tree species growth rings do not correspond to annual intervals and several may be laid down in a single year, or there may be intervals of several years between additions while in some tropical regions with constant year-round climate growth is continuous and distinct rings are not formed at all. In temperate climates, these rings are commonly visible because of changes in the rate of growth with temperature variation over an annual cycle. In temperate species these rings can be counted to determine the age of the tree, and used to date cores or even wood taken from trees in the past, a practice is known as the science of
dendrochronology. Very few, if any, tropical trees can be accurately aged in this manner. Age determination is also impossible in endogenous trees.
The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth, providing anchorage for the above-ground Biomass (ecology) and absorbing
water and
nutrients from the
soil. It should be noted, however, that while ground nutrients are essential to a tree's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere (see
photosynthesis). Above ground, the trunk gives height to the leaf-bearing branches, aiding in competition with other plant species for
sunlight. In many trees, the arrangement of the branches optimizes exposure of the leaves to sunlight.
Not all trees have all the plant organs or parts mentioned above. For example, most palm trees are not branched, the Saguaro of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees. Indeed, sometimes size is the more important consideration. A plant form that is similar to a tree, but generally having smaller, multiple trunks and/or branches that arise near the ground, is called a shrub. However, no sharp differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible. Given their small size, bonsai plants would not technically be 'trees', but one should not confuse reference to the form of a species with the size or shape of individual specimens. A spruce seedling does not fit the definition of a tree, but all spruces are trees.
Champion trees
The world's champion trees can be considered on several factors; height, trunk diameter or girth, total size, and age. It is significant that in each case, the top position is always held by a Pinophyta, though a different species in each case; in most measures, the second to fourth places are also held by conifers.
Tallest trees
The heights of the tallest trees in the world have been the subject of considerable dispute and much (often wild) exaggeration. Modern verified measurement with
laser rangefinders combined with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers, carried out by the U.S. Eastern Native Tree Society has shown that most older measuring methods and measurements are unreliable, often producing exaggerations of 5% to 15% above the real height. Historical claims of trees of , , and even , are now largely disregarded as unreliable, fantasy or outright fraud. The following are now accepted as the top five tallest reliably measured species:
Sequoia Sequoia sempervirens: 115.55 m (379.1 ft), Redwood National Park, California, United States
Coast Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii: , Brummit Creek, Coos County, Oregon, Oregon, United States
Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus regnans: , Styx Valley, Tasmania, Australia
Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis: , Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States
Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteum: , Redwood Mountain Grove, Kings Canyon National Park, California, United States
More about the coast redwood that is the tallest tree in the world.
Stoutest trees
The girth (
circumference) of a tree is much easier to measure than the height, as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk, and pulling it taut to find the circumference. Despite this, UK tree author Alan Mitchell made the following comment about measurements of
Taxus baccata trees in the
British Isles:
"The aberrations of past measurements of yews are beyond belief. For example, the tree at Tisbury has a well-defined, clean, if irregular bole at least 1.5 m long. It has been found to have a girth which has dilated and shrunk in the following way: 11.28 m (1834 Loudon), 9.3 m (1892 Lowe), 10.67 m (1903 Elwes and Henry), 9.0 m (1924 E. Swanton), 9.45 m (1959 Mitchell) .... Earlier measurements have therefore been omitted".. The
Sacred Fig is another notorious example of this. A single tree can have hundreds of trunks, leading to diameter measurements of hundreds of meters.
The stoutest single-trunk species in diameter, excluding baobabs, are:
Kauri Agatha australis: 16.41 metres (54 feet) Te Matua Ngahere, Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand
Jequitibá Cariniana excelsa Casar.: (http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/science/hartesveldt/chap2.htm)
Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteum: , General Grant tree, Grant Grove, California, United States
Sequoia Sequoia sempervirens: , Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States
Kauri Agathis australis: , Mercury Bay, New Zealand
Eucalyptus obliqua: , Reynolds Falls Nature Reserve, Tasmania, Australia (E. regnans has similarly large diameters)
Western Redcedar: Thuja plicata, , Lake Quinault, Washington (Van Pelt, 2001
ous Sequoia, the tallest tree species on earth.
A tree is a Perennial plant woody plant. It is sometimes defined as a woody plant that attains diameter of 10 cm (30 cm girth) or more at breast height (130 cm above ground). However, there is no set agreement regarding minimum size, the term generally applies to plants that grow to at least 5-6 meters (15-20 ft) high at maturity and having secondary branches supported on a main stem or stems, called a trunk (botany). Most trees exhibit clear apical dominance, though this is not always the case. Mitchell, A. (1978). Trees of Britain & Northern Europe. Harper Collins. London. ISBN 0-00-219213-6 Compared with most other plants, trees are long-lived, some of them getting to be several thousand years old and growing to up to 115 meters (375 ft) high.
Trees are an important component of the natural landscape because of their prevention of erosion and the provision of a specific weather-sheltered ecosystem in and under their foliage. Trees have also been found to play an important role in producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as moderating ground temperatures. They are also significant elements in Landscape architecture and agriculture, both for their aesthetics appeal and their orchard crops (such as apples). Wood from trees is a common building material. Trees also play an intimate role in many of the world's mythology (see trees in mythology).
Classification
tree in Denmark tree in Ticino, SwitzerlandA tree is a plant form that occurs in many different order (biology) and family (biology) of plants. Trees show a wide variety of growth forms, leaf type and shape, bark characteristics, and reproductive organs.
The earliest trees were tree ferns and horsetails, which grew in vast forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still survive, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form. Later, in the Triassic Period, Pinophyta, ginkgos, cycads and other gymnosperms appeared, and subsequently flowering plants in the Cretaceous Period. Most species of trees today are flowering plants (Angiosperms) and conifers. The listing below gives examples of many well-known trees and how they are typically classified.
A small group of trees growing together is called a grove (nature) or copse, and a landscape covered by a dense growth of trees is called a forest. Several biotopes are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them; examples are rainforest and taiga (see ecozones). A landscape of trees scattered or spaced across grassland (usually grazed or burned over periodically) is called a savanna. A forest of great age is called old growth forest or ancient woodland (in the UK). A young tree is called a sapling.
Morphology
leaves.s anchor the structure and provide water and nutrients. The ground has erosion away around the roots of this young Pine tree.The basic parts of a tree are the roots, trunk (botany)(s), branches, twigs and leaf. Tree stems consist mainly of support and transport tissues (xylem and phloem). Wood consists of xylem cells, and bark is made of phloem and other tissues external to the vascular cambium. Trees may be broadly grouped into exogenous and endogenous trees according to the way in which their Plant stem diameter increases. Exogenous trees, which comprise the great majority of modern trees (all Pinophytas, and all dicotyledon trees), grow by the addition of new wood outwards, immediately under the bark. Endogenous trees, mainly in the monocotyledons (e.g., palm tree), grow by addition of new material inwards.
As an exogenous tree grows, it creates growth rings. Also known as annual rings, each set of light/dark rings is equivalent to one year of growth in a small number of mostly temperate species. For the vast majority of tree species growth rings do not correspond to annual intervals and several may be laid down in a single year, or there may be intervals of several years between additions while in some tropical regions with constant year-round climate growth is continuous and distinct rings are not formed at all. In temperate climates, these rings are commonly visible because of changes in the rate of growth with temperature variation over an annual cycle. In temperate species these rings can be counted to determine the age of the tree, and used to date cores or even wood taken from trees in the past, a practice is known as the science of dendrochronology. Very few, if any, tropical trees can be accurately aged in this manner. Age determination is also impossible in endogenous trees.
The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth, providing anchorage for the above-ground Biomass (ecology) and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. It should be noted, however, that while ground nutrients are essential to a tree's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere (see photosynthesis). Above ground, the trunk gives height to the leaf-bearing branches, aiding in competition with other plant species for sunlight. In many trees, the arrangement of the branches optimizes exposure of the leaves to sunlight.
Not all trees have all the plant organs or parts mentioned above. For example, most palm trees are not branched, the Saguaro of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees. Indeed, sometimes size is the more important consideration. A plant form that is similar to a tree, but generally having smaller, multiple trunks and/or branches that arise near the ground, is called a shrub. However, no sharp differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible. Given their small size, bonsai plants would not technically be 'trees', but one should not confuse reference to the form of a species with the size or shape of individual specimens. A spruce seedling does not fit the definition of a tree, but all spruces are trees.
Champion trees
The world's champion trees can be considered on several factors; height, trunk diameter or girth, total size, and age. It is significant that in each case, the top position is always held by a Pinophyta, though a different species in each case; in most measures, the second to fourth places are also held by conifers.
Tallest trees
The heights of the tallest trees in the world have been the subject of considerable dispute and much (often wild) exaggeration. Modern verified measurement with laser rangefinders combined with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers, carried out by the U.S. Eastern Native Tree Society has shown that most older measuring methods and measurements are unreliable, often producing exaggerations of 5% to 15% above the real height. Historical claims of trees of , , and even , are now largely disregarded as unreliable, fantasy or outright fraud. The following are now accepted as the top five tallest reliably measured species:
Sequoia Sequoia sempervirens: 115.55 m (379.1 ft), Redwood National Park, California, United States
Coast Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii: , Brummit Creek, Coos County, Oregon, Oregon, United States
Eucalyptus regnans Eucalyptus regnans: , Styx Valley, Tasmania, Australia
Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis: , Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States
Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteum: , Redwood Mountain Grove, Kings Canyon National Park, California, United States
More about the coast redwood that is the tallest tree in the world.
Stoutest trees
The girth (circumference) of a tree is much easier to measure than the height, as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk, and pulling it taut to find the circumference. Despite this, UK tree author
Alan Mitchell made the following comment about measurements of
Taxus baccata trees in the British Isles:
"The aberrations of past measurements of yews are beyond belief. For example, the tree at Tisbury has a well-defined, clean, if irregular bole at least 1.5 m long. It has been found to have a girth which has dilated and shrunk in the following way: 11.28 m (1834 Loudon), 9.3 m (1892 Lowe), 10.67 m (1903 Elwes and Henry), 9.0 m (1924 E. Swanton), 9.45 m (1959 Mitchell) .... Earlier measurements have therefore been omitted".. The
Sacred Fig is another notorious example of this. A single tree can have hundreds of trunks, leading to diameter measurements of hundreds of meters.
The stoutest single-trunk species in diameter, excluding baobabs, are:
Kauri Agatha australis: 16.41 metres (54 feet) Te Matua Ngahere, Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand
Jequitibá Cariniana excelsa Casar.: (http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/science/hartesveldt/chap2.htm)
Sequoiadendron Sequoiadendron giganteum: , General Grant tree, Grant Grove, California, United States
Sequoia Sequoia sempervirens: , Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States
Kauri Agathis australis: , Mercury Bay, New Zealand
Eucalyptus obliqua: , Reynolds Falls Nature Reserve, Tasmania, Australia (E. regnans has similarly large diameters)
Western Redcedar: Thuja plicata, , Lake Quinault, Washington (Van Pelt, 2001
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